Tuesday, January 28, 2014

Lit terms 4

Interior monologue: the expression of a character’s thoughts, feelings, and impressions in a narrative.  Can be indirect- in which the author serves as selector, presenter, guide, and commentator… or direct- in which the author doesn’t exist and the interior self of the character is given directly as though the reader is overhearing an articulated stream of thought and feeling flowing through the character’s mind
“It really made you feel like an idiot, raising your hand this way.”

Inversion: changing the conventional placement of words
“The dark side, I see in you.”

Juxtaposition: when an author places a person, concept, place, idea or theme parallel to each other to highlight the contrast in comparing them
“Her rosy lips touched her withered cheek.”

Lyric: having the form and musical quality of a song and especially the character of a songlike outpouring of the poet’s own thoughts and feelings as distinguished from epic and dramatic poetry
Turn back the heart you've turned away
Give back your kissing breath
Leave not my love as you have left
The broken hearts of yesterday


Magic(al) realism: characterized by elements of the fantastic woven into the story with a deadpan sense of presentation.
Like Water for Chocolate is an example of magical realism.

Metaphor (extended, controlling, & mixed): refers to a meaning or identity ascribed to one subject by way of another.  One subject is implied to be another so as to draw comparison between their similarities and shared traits
Henry was a lion on the battlefield.

Metonymy: not using a formal word for an object/subject and instead referring to it by using another word that is intricately linked to the formal name/word.
“The white house is releasing a statement…”  The white house is actually the president because a house itself cannot do that.

    Modernism: Marked by a strong and intentional break with tradition. This break includes a strong reaction against established religious, political, and social views.
    Belief that the world is created in the act of perceiving it; that is, the world is what we say it is.
    There is no such thing as absolute truth. All things are relative.
    No connection with history or institutions. Their experience is that of alienation, loss, and despair.
    Championship of the individual and celebration of inner strength.
    Life is unordered.
Concerned with the sub-conscious.
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Great Gatsby is an example of modernism.

Monologue: a part of a drama in which a single actor speaks alone but to others
St. Crispin’s Day Speech could qualify as a monologue.

Mood: the definitive stance the author adopts in shaping a specific emotional perspective towards the subject of the literary work
The mood the author gave in the Kite Runner was optimistic.

Motif: an element, subject, idea or concept that is constantly present through the entire body of literature.
In Paper Towns, ‘paper towns’ was a consistent motif in the novel.  It was about being fake and unrealistic.

Myth: traditional or legendary story usually concerning some being or hero or event with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is concerned with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite or phenomenon of nature
Hercules is a myth.

Narrative: a story or account of events, experiences, or the like, whether true of fictitious
When I told my mom how my day went, it was a narrative.

Narrator: a person who gives an account or tells the story of events, experiences, etc.
I was the narrator of the story when I was talking about my day.

Naturalism: a specialized variety of realism which shows that people are fated to whatever station in life their heredity, environment, and social conditions prepare them for… Emphasis on environment and survival of the fittest.
The Hatchet is an example of naturalism.

Novelette/novella: a short novel, a fictional prose narrative that is longer and more complex than a short story
Breakfast at Tiffany’s is considered a novella.

Omniscient point of view: a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all the characters in the story
“She looked down and saw the cracks in the sidewalk and thought about how she cracked she was, just like the pavement.”

Onomatopoeia: a formation of a word by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent
Buzzzz, Snnnnaaaap, Zipp, HONK!

Oxymoron: a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect
Cruel Kindness.  Big Shrimp.

Pacing: the movement of a literary piece from one point or one section to another
This well-paced novel will keep you turning its pages long past your bedtime.

Parable: a short, descriptive story that illustrates a moral attitude or religious idea, a fable in its lack of fantastic or anthropomorphic characters but is similar in length simplicity
The Boy Who Cried Wolf is a parable.

Paradox: a figure of speech in which a statement appears to contradict itself
"Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again."
(C.S. Lewis to his godchild, Lucy Barfield, to whom he dedicated The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe)

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